Ocean Acidification with Coral Reefs

Description:

Monitoring ocean acidification is important because changes in the ocean's carbonate chemistry can have a major impact on the plant and animal life present in the ocean. For organisms with external calcium carbonate skeletons, such as corals and pteropods, the consequences can be very negative if the oceans become undersaturated (corrosive) with respect to aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate. It has been demonstrated that pteropods, a planktonic mollusk, may not be able to maintain their shells in undersaturated waters. In some studies, live pteropods were subjected to waters that are undersaturated with respect to aragonite and their shells begin to dissolve within 48 hours (Feely et al., 2004; Orr et al 2005 ).

This dataset has both historic and forecasted model-based changes in the ocean's carbonate chemistry due to increasing CO₂ levels, as well as the presence of coral reefs depicted. The coral reefs are represented by black X's for shallow water species and magenta X's for deep water species. The ocean acidification levels are based on the median model output of the 13 international ocean carbon models based on the OCMIP-2 Project (Orr et al. 2005). The model outputs are represented on the global map in 5-yr increments from 1765 thru 2100. The future changes in CO₂ chemistry were determined based on atmospheric CO₂ scenarios presented in The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) IS92a 'continually increasing' CO₂ emissions scenario (788 p.p.m.v. in the year 2100). As atmospheric levels of CO₂ increase, the amount of CO₂ that is absorbed by the ocean increases as well. This increase of CO₂ in the ocean upsets the carbonate chemistry of the ocean and causes the waters to become more corrosive. The images indicate that all of the Southern Ocean surface waters south of 60°S and portions of the North Pacific become undersaturated (corrosive) with respect to aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate. The scale to the left is proportional to the level of aragonite present in the ocean.

Notable Features:

• Shallow and deep coral locations are represented by black and magenta X's respectively
• By 2001, the model indicates that the Southern Ocean surface waters and portions of the North Pacific become corrosive with respect to aragonite

Data Category

Major: Ocean

Keywords:

Ocean, acidification, coral, climate change

Data Set Name	Ocean Acidification
Data Set Directory Name	OceanAcidification
Data Set Source	Based on Orr et al. Nature, 437, 681-686, 2005
Data Set Developer	Richard A. Feely and Dana Greeley, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA
Visualization Developer	Mike Biere, NOAA/GSD
Audio	No
Contact	Richard A. Feely, Dana Greeley
Download	FTP
Google Earth	KML file